Brucellosis in the Cattle

Brucellosis is an infectious disease because it can be dangerous to humans. The disease is still frequently encountered in the whole world.  

Cause 

Brucellosis or Bang disease caused by a small and rod-shaped bacteria are gram negative, Brucella abortus, which grows in the cells. This bacterium was first described by Bang on Denmark in 1897. Brucellosis in cattle infected worldwide, except in countries that have controlling the disease with vaccination or by other means. 

Modes of transmission 

Transmission can occur due to the purchase and introduction of a female who contracted into a group of cattle. The material can be carried from an infected farm to another farm by dogs or humans. Infection often occurs due to ingestion of feces of the animals genitals experience of abortion that contaminate food and water. Transmission can also occurs through the lining of the eyes of lenders and intrauterine insemination with semen after infected. 

Clinical symptoms

Clinical symptoms of Brucella abortus causes abortion in the last trimester pregnancy and followed by a period of infertility. Brucella abortus causes fever "undulans" or brucellosis in humans who drink raw milk has not been pasteurized or contact with infected feces or woven. Brucella abortus abortion because it generally occurs from six months to ninth (after the fifth month) period of pregnancy. Incidence of abortion ranged between 5-90% in a group of cattle, depending on the number of pregnant animals infected, the infection, the virulence of the organism and other factors. 

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis of brucellosis is needed for two purposes, first to establish a cause of abortion in individual animals, and secondly to identify livestock in the context of disease control programs. History of the cattle are very useful in diagnosing the cause of abortion. Diagnosis comparison between the causes of abortion is difficult and not possible without help of laboratory examination. Placental lesions in brucellosis, Vibriosis and fungal infections in cows appear the same. Identification Brucella abortus organisms can be identified on the cover of the material preparation lungs. Media are generally isolated in the culture medium or in guinea pigs.

Prevention and Control 

Prevention of brucellosis in cattle is based on hygiene measures and sanitation, vaccines calves with strain 19 and the testing and removal of cattle reactor. Higienik action is essential in the prevention of brucellosis in the program a group of cattle. Infected cattle should be sold or separated from group. An aborted fetus and placenta must be buried or burned and contaminated sites should be disinfected with a 4% solution of cresol or similar disinfectant. Vaccination programs carried out in calves 3-7 months of age with Strain 19 Brucella vaccine. But the use of Strain 19 have to be careful because can cause fever, brucellosis or undulan in humans. Other control method is vaccination with the 45/20 to all livestock, serologic test regularly with BRT and SAT or CFT, monitoring the MRT and the isolation or removal of the reactor. 

Treatment 

Treatment of brucellosis with a variety of antiseptics and antibiotics have been tried no results. Effective treatment can be done with antibiotics such as combination of penicillin and streptomycin, but can also be a metritin or oestrilan intrauterina given.